Thursday 9 March 2017

What is EpiPen?


EpiPen is an injection containing epinephrine, a chemical that narrows blood vessels and opens airways in the lungs.
These effects can reverse severe low blood pressure, wheezing, skin itching, hives, and other symptoms of an allergic reaction.
EpiPen is used to treat severe allergic reactions to insect stings or bites, foods, drugs, and other allergens.
EpiPen may be kept on hand for self-injection by a person with a history of an severe allergic reaction.
The company that made EpiPen is manufactured by King and marketed by Mylan.
DRUGS.COM KNOW MORE..BE SURE. (2017) EpiPen [Online] Available from: https://www.drugs.com/epipen-auto-injector.html  [Accessed: 26 February 2017]

This is a graph that I made of the cost of a single EpiPen in different countries.
BLOOMBERG. (2016) Why the $600 EpiPen Costs $69 in Britain. [Online] Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-29/epipen-s-69-cost-in-britain-shows-other-extreme-of-drug-pricing-itnvgvam [Accessed: 26th January 2017].

Friday 3 March 2017

Cost Of Medicine Determines Who Is Given Medicine



Srees Durga is a pharmacist from Mount Elizabeth I sent my questionnaire for her to fill it out. And she states that the cost of medicine does not affect who has access to medicine.’Patients could opt to go down to the government Hospitals to get their medications. The medications there are sold at subsidized cost for the patients. And even after those subsidy, if the patients find it hard to pay for the medications, they have other ways for the patients to pay up for it. Like for an example, government has come up with Medication Assistance Fund (MAF), this helps Singaporeans afford selected high cost medications from 50% to 75% subsidy.’

In other words Patients could go to their government Hospitals to get their medicines.The medicine sold there are financed cost for the patients. And even after those finance, if the patients find it hard to pay for the medications they have other ways for the patients to pay up for it. Like for an example, government has come up with Medication Assistance Fund (MAF), this helps Singaporeans afford selected high cost medications from 50% to 75%.

Noov Hanisah is a Pharmacist in training from Guardian. I gave her my questionnaire to fill out. her She states that the cost of medicine indeed affects who is given medicine.’Patients who can’t afford expensive medicines may take certain type only.’


The makers of the EpiPen have increased the price of the device from $100 in 2008 to above $500 in 2016, making it a hike of over 400 percent.

The EpiPen, a live saving device for most children, helps during a sudden allergic reaction that could be life threatening. Parents are now scrambling to find a way around the price since the rise has raised a question mark on affordability.

THE INDIAN EXPRESS. (2016) Mylan increases price of EpiPen by 400%, parents struggle to find alternatives [Online] Available from: http://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/mylan-increases-price-of-epipen-parents-struggle-to-find-alternatives-2989819/
[Accessed: 23 February 2017]

According to Unicef Children Rights Article 16 says that
“All children have the right to life. Governments should ensure that children survive and develop healthily.” How can we survive without medicine when we get ill? Has the government done anything to make sure that we have a healthy life and if we are ill we get the proper medicine. If we don’t get the proper medicine we will die of are illness. According to article 24 it says ”Children have the right to good quality health care, to clean water, nutritious food, and a clean environment, so that they will stay healthy. Rich countries should help poorer countries achieve this” 400 million people do not have access to medicine. What is the point of rights if we don’t follow them?

UNICEF (2010) LITTLE BOOK OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITY [Online] Available from: https://www.unicef.org/rightsite/files/little_book_rights.pdf [Accessed: 28 February 2017]



Wednesday 1 March 2017

Individuals Needs When Receiving Medicine

This is my prediction on the needs of individual's
  1. Low or sensible prices
  2. Cheaper drugs in poorer countries
  3. People want drug to be widely available
  4. People want safe and effective medicines
  5. People want health care should pay most of the cost of medicines
This is why 41-year old Levin needs EpiPen to survive:


Just moments earlier, at the dentist Levin told the clinicians that she was allergic to amoxicillin, an antibiotic that can treat infections, she said. However, they prescribed a medication that was still in the same penicillin family, which she said caused the reaction.
"That's why I need EpiPens, because I don't know what to avoid," Levin said, referring to the portable auto-injector devices used to treat allergic reactions.
Usually she is supposed to carry four."Because of my history, I'm really supposed to have four with me at all times, and when I travel, I'm supposed to have like six or eight," she said. "Usually, one is not enough because the reaction is immediately severe, so there are times where I have to use up to three until I can get help.
And what does that life-saving medication cost her?
"Last year, it's $200 each or even $300." For some, it costs even more.”


Perspective of a 30-year old mother in Cincinnati named Theresa Ray on the price of medicine. She was was surprised to find that purchasing two EpiPen two-packs for her 6-year-old son would have cost her family about $1,300, she said. Her son was diagnosed with food allergies in 2001 "When we first bought them (about five years ago), it was around $100 or $150 for a twinpack, and at that time I remember thinking, 'Wow, that's kind of expensive.' Then, the next year, I found out they expired and we have to get them every year. They were more expensive, but by that time, only a couple hundred dollars," Ray said.’
CNN. (2016) EpiPen cost soars, but it's not the only drug to. [Online] Available from: http://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/23/health/epipen-price-mylan-prescription-drugs-increase/index.html [Accessed: 23rd January 2017].


Ed Silverman from STAT wrote in his article that roughly 8 in 10 people, from the U.S.A, believes that prescription drugs are absurd. In addition, two thirds of American are in favor of creating an independent group to administer prices of medicine.”71% of Americans believe they should be able to import medicines from Canada,” 9 in 10 people support idea that drug-makers should be required to reveal information on how prices are set.


The survey, which queried more than 1,200 Americans, was conducted in mid-September, shortly after disagreement erupted over Mylan Pharmaceuticals and its pricing strategy for EpiPen but, outrage has hardly been cramped to any one type of company or treatment.The survey also found that 86 percent of Americans believe drug makers should be required to disclose data used to set prices. Only 47 percent of those surveyed favor eliminating prescription drug ads, which gained size attention last year when the American Medical Association publicly called for a ban on such advertising.42 percent support any policy that would encourage consumers to purchase lower-cost drugs by requiring them to pay more for similar, but more expensive medicines.
A few American’s say that they have difficulty paying for medicines. Fifty-five percent reported they are taking prescription drugs and, of those, 73 percent say affordability is not an issue but, 42 percent who say their health is fair or poor did report having difficulty and 37 percent of those currently taking four or more medications say cost is a problem, compared to 19 percent taking less than four medications.


Nine out of ten adults either blame “some” for high cost in healthcare and two-thirds blame them “a lot”  the poll revealed. As a result, the proportion of Americans who support price controls  and medical devices has now increased to 81%.